A cylinder is fitted with a freely moveable piston of area 1.20 x 10-2 m2 and negligible mass. The cylinder below the piston is filled with a gas. At state 1, the gas has volume 1.50 x 10-3 m3, pressure 1.02 x 105 Pa and the cylinder is in contact with a water bath at a temperature of 0ºC. The gas is then taken through the following four-step process.
- A 2.50 kg metal block is placed on top of the piston, compressing the gas to state 2, with the gas still at 0ºC.
- The cylinder is then brought in contact with a boiling water bath, raising the gas temperature to 100ºC at state 3.
- The metal block is removed and the gas expands to state 4 still at 100ºC.
- Finally, the cylinder is again placed in contact with the water bath at 0ºC, returning the system to state 1.
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